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Research: Stellar Quietly Patched a 2.25 Billion XLM “Inflation Bug” in April 2017

Research: Stellar Quietly Patched a 2.25 Billion XLM “Inflation Bug” in April 2017

According to new research from Messari, Stellar, the world’s eighth largest cryptocurrency project by market cap, suffered an “inflation bug” in April 2017 which enabled attackers to create additional 2.25 billion XLM tokens. This, per a report by crypto research firm Messari, published March 27, 2019.

Hackers Minted 2.25 Billion XLM Tokens

Blockchain’s security has quickly placed it as a go-to technology for startups and large conglomerates alike.

The technology, in addition to providing rapid and transparent IT solutions, also offers an immutable ledger of records that is reasonably hard to tamper with once a transaction has been recorded on it.

However, according to a recent report by Messari, in April 2017, hackers were able to exploit the “MergeOPFrame::doApply” function in the Stellar blockchain which enabled them to create 2.25 billion XLM tokens. These tokens, at the time, were worth approximately $10 million and represented as much as 25 percent of the circulating supply of the digital asset.

It’s worth pointing out that the team at Stellar has since fixed this critical bug.

Media Didn’t Report the Bug

The report by Messari claims that public disclosures at the Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) regarding the critical bug were relatively muted. Further, at the time, no media outlet reported on the bug despite its critical implications on the Stellar ecosystem.

The SDF later decided to burn an equivalent amount of XLM tokens from its community reserve to nullify the impact of token inflation. This activity also went unnoticed by media outlets.

The research team at Messari notes that the additional 2.25 billion XLM tokens created by the hackers were moved to exchanges and sold during the first half of 2017.

Stellar Representatives Say Nothing Was Concealed

In response, representatives from Stellar told Messari that the bug was reported in the company’s release notes. The company officials claim that the bug was published twice in the notes and that they burned the additional tokens to “true up” the circulating supply.

Further, they said that Stellar has since grown exponentially to become significant financial software and has made its disclosure standards more transparent.

The representatives concluded:

“There’s been no notable bug since, and if there were we would disclose it in full detail as soon as it was patched. As we announced last month in our 2019 Roadmap we have already committed to a full accounting of all of SDF’s Lumens by the end of the year, and more details around this old bug were going to be (and still will be) part of that.”

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Published at Thu, 28 Mar 2019 21:00:15 +0000

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Bitcoin Price Analysis: Post-Fork Markets Await Enabling of BCH Deposits

Bitcoin Price Analysis

As expected, the events leading up to the BTC hardfork were dramatic. Before splitting off with its hardfork counterpart (bitcoin Cash), BTC-USD saw drastic swings in price with wildly different market values, depending on the exchange. While some exchanges saw new all-time highs being achieved (Kraken BTC-USD), others began to see discounts in their BTC-USD values. At points, there were even $100+ premiums between Kraken and Bitfinex.

At time of this article, bitcoin Cash (BCH) markets on most major exchanges have existed in a bubble as BCH deposits and withdrawals have been halted. There are many theories regarding the isolation of exchanges and their corresponding BCH-USD markets’ effects on the BTC-USD markets. Given this bit of information, one can assume that the dramatic rise in BCH market cap is unreliable at the moment. There is a large portion of the bitcoin community that is unable to sell its forked BCH and is currently sidelined. As such, this analysis will only take a look at BTC-USD price trend and what we can expect there.


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Looking at the macro trend of the BTC-USD market, we can see that a previous test of the 23% Fibonacci Retracement values was strongly tested and subsequently rejected in the days leading up to the hardfork:

Figure_1_Macro_Fibs.JPGFigure 1: BTC-USD, 12HR Candles, Bitfinex, Macro Fibonacci Retracement Lines

The $2500 values have proven to be a formidable foe for those looking to the short the market, and last week was no exception. To date, $2500 values have built a strong level of support over the past couple months and will continue to be a strongly contested price range.

The activity following the hardfork was completely expected by many. Without going into too much detail, the hardfork of BTC-USD can be thought of as a fracturing of its market cap — essentially, an instant reduction of BTC-USD value:

Figure_2_micro_fibs.JPGFigure 2: BTC-USD, 15Min Candles, Bitfinex, Price Drop Post-hardfork

At the moment, since BCH-USD has yet to be opened to those without coins on the major exchanges, the actual effects of the hardfork have yet to be felt (as mentioned before, the bulk of the BCH holders are currently sidelined without major outlets to sell their coins). The current prices are reflective of speculators anticipating a drop in value upon the opening of the BCH deposits and withdrawals. To date, the price activity has followed the Fibonacci Retracement values very closely. Multiple tests of the 50% retracement values were attempted before ultimately dropping down to the lower values. At the time of this article, the BTC-USD markets are attempting to test the 23% Fibonacci Retracement values.

Given the fact that BCH has yet to really sink its fingers into the BTC-USD markets, one would expect to see a test of new lows within this current bear run. With each test of the Fibonacci lines there is a swell in volume. A test of the lower boundaries of the bear run will be no exception.

It’s never easy to confidently write price projections with so much uncertainty in the markets. In an attempt to remain objective in my writing, I will just say this: Volatility is to be expected as BCH and BTC attempt to set their place in the market.

In general, when looking for reliable trends, it is almost always advisable to watch the volume trend as it correlates to price movement. When the price is erratic and appears to operating irrationally, check the volume. If there is no volume to substantiate a move, more often than not the move will be short lived. Volume establishes support and it reaffirms resistance lines. Volume also is a great indicator of market momentum and direction. When trading BTC in the coming days, volume will be your best friend.

Summary:

  1. BTC-USD showed strong support at the $2500 values in the days leading up to the hardfork.

  2. To date, the effects of the hardfork have yet to be realized because BCH deposits and withdrawals from most major exchanges haven’t be enabled.

  3. Once BCH deposits are enabled, expect high volatility on the BTC-USD markets as both coins (BTC and BCH) compete for their market cap share.

Trading and investing in digital assets like bitcoin, bitcoin cash and ether is highly speculative and comes with many risks. This analysis is for informational purposes and should not be considered investment advice. Statements and financial information on bitcoin Magazine and BTC Media related sites do not necessarily reflect the opinion of BTC Media and should not be construed as an endorsement or recommendation to buy, sell or hold. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.

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