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Stellar Swept Mammoth Inflation Bug Under the Rug

Stellar swept mammoth inflation bug under the rug

Stellar Swept Mammoth Inflation Bug Under the Rug

Stellar swept mammoth inflation bug under the rug

By CCN.com: A bug in the code for Stellar – the eighth-largest cryptocurrency – allowed an attacker to generate 2.25 billion lumens in April 2017 successfully. Stellar quietly patched the bug in version in 0.6.2, released in May of that year. The only note about the inflation bug reads:

“fix inflation bug that would calculate the wrong amount under rare circumstances”

The Most Muted Response to an Inflation Attack in the History of Crypto

Stellar claims it responsibly disclosed the inflation bug, but the hard truth is they tried to keep it as quiet as possible. | Source: Shutterstock

Stellar made no blog posts or overtly public announcements about the issue. To deal with the unexpected inflation, which represented 25% of the XLM supply at the time and got sold on exchanges, Stellar ate the loss themselves. They burned 2.25 billion corresponding tokens from their reserves to “true up” supply. Their goal was to prevent dilution among average holders.

According to Messari Research, who has been investigating the supply and market capitalization of various cryptocurrencies, including Ripple and Stellar, the coins were moved to crypto exchanges immediately after creation.

“The $XLM that was created was moved to exchanges and likely sold amidst the market run-up during the first half of 2017.”

Stellar defends their actions in the following note:

“In April 2017, Stellar was an emerging open-source project with a small but dedicated developer community. Announcing the bug in our release notes therefore made total sense—that’s how you reach those users. We mentioned it twice, in fact, in the notes, and we were very clear the bug had been exploited. From there, we took the additional step of burning Lumens to “true up” the supply, so that current $XLM owners wouldn’t be diluted and our projected total supply would remain accurate. We recognize that Stellar has since become significant financial software, and our disclosure standards have grown to reflect that reality. There’s been no notable bug since, and if there were we would disclose it in full detail as soon as it was patched. As we announced last month in our 2019 Roadmap we have already committed to a full accounting of all of SDF’s Lumens by the end of the year, and more details around this old bug were going to be (and still will be) part of that.”

The 0.6.2 patch immediately precedes Stellar’s first significant price rise. Bitcoin itself had just recently made its return to $1,000 and was heading upwards from there. By the end of that year, a single Bitcoin would be worth around $20,000. Stellar saw its price soar as high as $0.85 several months later. It is questionable what effect the news of the inflation bug would have had on the market.

Would Stellar Have Ever Neared $1 if This News Had Been Louder?

The Stellar price may never have surged toward $1 if the developers had been more transparent about this alarming bug. | Source: Yahoo Finance

In all likelihood, the subject would have come up every time Stellar was discussed in the media and among traders. If it didn’t lead to a price crash, it probably would have slowed growth. Jed McCaleb knows this all too well. The Ripple co-founder who left to create Stellar should understand as well as anyone that poor security can have on a market: he was deeply involved with Mt. Gox, which arguably precipitated Bitcoin’s first extended bear market.

Messari Research has previously reported that Ripple’s market capitalization is probably hugely overstated. Founder Ryan Selkis received death threats and excessive trolling as a result of publishing that report.

Stellar taking the 2.25 billion XLM loss themselves is probably an admirable move, but the community should have been made aware of the situation. Stellar thinks only crypto developers needed to know, but there are thousands of investors and various regulators who may disagree.

bitcoin, Zcash Have Struggled with Inflation Bugs

Stellar is not the only cryptocurrency which has suffered inflationary bugs.

Bitcoin itself had this problem in August of 2010 when several times the max supply of BTC were generated in a single block. A hard fork was conducted to fix the issue. In more recent times, Bitcoin became vulnerable to another inflation bug.

Similarly, Zcash patched a bug not too long ago that would have allowed for “infinite” inflation on the privacy-centric crypto network.

Published at Thu, 28 Mar 2019 19:56:41 +0000

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Scandinavia Leads Europe With Latest Bitcoin Exchange Traded Note Launch

Scandinavia Leads Europe With Bitcoin Exchange Traded Note Launch

More and more crypto-backed, financial products have been hitting the market, though most of them are not yet accessible via a public exchange.

In the U.S., investors are still waiting on a bitcoin exchange traded fund (ETF) to be approved by the SEC. But, in Europe, investors already have a bitcoin-backed, exchange-traded product available via a public exchange such as the NASDAQ OMX.  

In May of 2015,  Sweden’s XBT Provider AB announced the authorization of bitcoin Tracker One, the first bitcoin-based security available on a regulated exchange. In October of the same year, it launched Euro-denominated bitcoin-based security, bitcoin Tracker EUR, available through Nasdaq Nordic.

Last week, Danish investors were given access to these ETNs, both bitcoin Tracker One and bitcoin Tracker EUR, via Copenhagen-based Saxo Bank. Similarly, the U.K.’s largest online trading platform, Hargreaves Lansdown, also gave investors access to Bitcoin ETNs this year.

XBT Provider is the issuer of the two Exchange Traded Notes (COINXBE & COINXBT), backed by bitcoin on Nasdaq OMX in Stockholm. Functionally, this means that XBT Provider issues certificates which track the price of bitcoin for delivery to investors who purchase the certificates on NASDAQ OMX. In June 2016, XBT Provider was acquired by asset management firm Global Advisors (Jersey).

XBT Provider is then responsible for ensuring that these certificates accurately mirror (with minimal tracking error) the price movement of the BTC/SEK and BTC/EUR exchange rate by purchasing bitcoin and storing it.

The notes offer investors a familiar route to gain exposure to the price movements of bitcoin without having to purchase or secure the bitcoin themselves.

In an interview with bitcoin Magazine, Ryan Radloff, head of investor relations at XBT provider, discussed their bitcoin ETN gave a look ahead at what may be in store for the future.


What is an exchange traded note?

Exchange Traded Notes are debt backed securities which offer investors exposure to the change in value of the underlying currency. In the case of XBT Provider, the strategy is to track the price movement of the BTC/SEK and BTC/EUR exchange rate. ETNs are usually listed on public exchanges and thus available for purchase via any broker with access to the listing exchange, in our case, NASDAQ OMX.

Why purchase a bitcoin ETN over regular bitcoin?

There are three major reasons to consider a bitcoin ETN over physical bitcoin.

1) Security – When you invest in bitcoin via an ETN, you are not responsible for ensuring the security of the bitcoin.

2) Speed and Convenience: The route to purchasing an ETN is via a familiar broker or brokerage platform and the ETN is listed on a trusted exchange. No new accounts are needed, no new verification steps required. So this means the ETN is often the fastest way to purchase exposure to bitcoin, presuming you do not yet have an account with a crypto-currency exchange.

3) Potential Tax Advantages – In the UK for instance, the bitcoin ETN is uniquely eligible for inclusion in a tax-advantaged SIPP account thus this type of investment in bitcoin may experience a more efficient tax treatment than simply purchasing bitcoin outright.

Is the product limited to a certain type of investor?

The access to the product is governed by your stock broker. First your broker needs to be able to offer access to NASDAQ OMX. Second, your broker needs to authorize you for trading such an instrument. Currently, this product is not available for offer to U.S. investors.

How has XBT Provider performed since launching?

Price is directly correlated with the movement in price of the bitcoin. Since the price of bitcoin was in the $200s when we launched and is currently over $4800, performance has been exceptional.

Any interested investor can find more information at XBTProvider.com or can contact their broker directly to find out whether they have access to the product. As with any investment decision, investors should perform their own due diligence and understand the risks associated with this (young) asset class prior to investing.

The post Scandinavia Leads Europe With Latest Bitcoin Exchange Traded Note Launch appeared first on Bitcoin Magazine.