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PayPal Clampdown on UK Academic Cheating Could Drive Kenyan Writers to Bitcoin

Paypal clampdown on uk academic cheating could drive kenyan writers to bitcoin

PayPal Clampdown on UK Academic Cheating Could Drive Kenyan Writers to Bitcoin

PayPal announced last week that it would no longer process payments associated with academic essay-writing services, intended to give wealthy, lazy students in the UK a way to get qualified without working for it. Although the move might benefit the UK education system, it could cause the loss of jobs for thousands of academics living in the third-world – unless they discover bitcoin soon.

Reports state that even before the news that PayPal would no longer facilitate payments associated with essay-writing platforms, the company had made it difficult for those living in countries such as Kenya. Of course, bitcoin does not make you prove who you just because it thinks a payment is “abnormal” for whatever reason.

PayPal’s Censorship Highlights Once Again the Need for bitcoin

Less than a week after NewsBTC reported on PayPal’s new fee structure potentially alienating merchant users and driving them towards crypto, another example of the company censoring transactions has come to our attention. As announced last week, the global payments giant will no longer work with companies that unite academic writers with students wanting to pay their way through a degree.

The move, according to a report in the Kenyan Tribune, has been influenced by the British Education Secretary, Damian Hinds, lobbying the firm last month. This, according to an extensive exposé by UK newspaper The Daily Mail, was prompted by 46 vice chancellors from various British universities demanding a ban on essay-writing website in the interest of protecting the integrity of UK institutions.

Blockchain university

PayPal refuses serve third-world essay-writers providing work for UK students.

Although the move by PayPal might well help reduce the numbers of students obtaining degrees fraudulently, it also creates a powerful incentive for third-world academic writers who depend on such work to explore alternative payment methods – chief amongst these, given that the issue is essentially one of financial censorship, is bitcoin.

In a lengthy post, a Kenyan academic writer explains just how big the essay writing industry has become in their home nation. Thousands of university graduates, unable to find work elsewhere, rely on high levels of income they can generate through producing texts for lazy, first-world students. The author of the piece details how they are paid more than $1,000 each month for their services, which in Kenya, is higher than the average professional wage.

Even prior to the latest news that PayPal would be withholding services to those believed to be writing essays for students to pass off as their own, the author of the post states that the company would frequently make it difficult for writers to be paid for their work. Examples of this include withholding supposedly large transfers (even as low as $2,000) from professionals until the company had performed various identification checks on individuals. The author believes that such checks were based on an assumption by PayPal that such a sum of money represented a large amount in Kenya and therefore, it must be associated with crime – something, which if true, is hugely discriminatory against those living in third-world nations.

With such relatively large sums of money on the table, it seems likely that any further crackdown by the UK on essay-writing services would just drive those producing dissertations to create their own websites offering services directly for bitcoin. In fact, the latest move by PayPal might be incentive enough for them to look for less restrictive alternatives already.

Related Reading: Is Largely Unbanked Africa Primed for Bitcoin Adoption?

Featured Image from Shutterstock.

Published at Tue, 09 Apr 2019 23:00:05 +0000

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Bitcoin Miners Miss the First BIP 148 “Deadline”

Bitcoin Miners Miss the First BIP 148 “Deadline”

bitcoin miners at large have missed the first BIP 148 “deadline” to prevent a “split” in bitcoin’s blockchain.

As bitcoin’s scaling dispute appears to be heading for a climax, the next couple of weeks could prove pivotal. One scaling solution in particular, Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 148 (“BIP 148”), is scheduled to trigger activation of Segregated Witness (SegWit) on August 1, 00:00 UTC. As a User Activated Soft Fork (UASF), all users that run a BIP 148 node will then start rejecting any and all blocks that do not signal support for SegWit by the “deadline” — or, perhaps more accurately, “ultimatum” — set by BIP 148 users.

BIP 148 and SegWit are backward-compatible protocol upgrades, which means that non-upgraded nodes will still accept SegWit-signaling and SegWit-utilizing blocks. Therefore, if a majority of hash power in one way or another adopts SegWit before August 1, all current bitcoin nodes would follow the same blockchain.

However, if only a minority of miners activates SegWit through BIP 148, bitcoin’s blockchain and currency would “split” in two. This would result in two types of “bitcoin”: one that activated BIP 148 and one that did not, while even more types of “bitcoin” could emerge as a result. A split between BIP148-nodes and non-BIP148 nodes would last at least until a majority of hash power joins the BIP 148 chain, or until the BIP 148 chain is abandoned by all users and miners for good.

Miners essentially have three options to avoid such a split. This first option was to lock in SegWit before August 1 through the activation mechanism proposed by Bitcoin Core and implemented in many nodes on the network. This required 95 percent of hash power to signal support for the upgrade within a two-week difficulty period. Specifically, such a difficulty period consists of 2,016 of these sequential blocks, which means that a minimum of 1,916 blocks must signal support. Or, in other words, if more than 100 blocks — at least 101 of them — do not signal support for SegWit within a single difficulty period that ends before August 1, this BIP 148 deadline is missed.

Ignoring extreme statistical deviations or other unexpected events, the final difficulty period to end before August 1 started on Friday (UTC). And out of the first day and a half worth of blocks within this difficulty period, only about half of them signaled support for Segregated Witness. This means that the threshold of 101 blocks not signaling support has now been reached.

With two more BIP 148 deadlines ahead, the first one was probably also the most likely to be missed. Its threshold was the hardest of the three to achieve as it required the highest level of hash rate to succeed. Additionally, a large majority of miners (by hash power) indicates that they will activate SegWit through BIP 91 instead. This is the next BIP 148 deadline.

This next deadline will be on July 29. This is the last day that BIP 91 can activate in time to be compatible with BIP 148. In order to do so, 80 percent of hash power must have signaled support for SegWit2x within 2 1/3 days. As such, miners should at the very latest start signaling support for BIP 91 on the 26th of July. Though like the now-missed BIP141 deadline, which is technically not until August 31, the BIP 91 deadline could actually be either missed or met before July 29 as well.

If this next BIP 91 deadline is missed too, miners will have one more chance to avoid a “split.” A majority of hash power would have to activate SegWit through BIP 148 itself by August 1, 00:00 UTC. Alternatively, a majority of hash power could switch to the BIP 148 chain even after August 1 to reunite both chains, but this will likely cause significant disruption on the bitcoin network(s), and potentially a loss of funds for users not aware of the risks.

For more information on how to keep your bitcoins safe during a potential coin-split, click here.

The post Bitcoin Miners Miss the First BIP 148 “Deadline” appeared first on Bitcoin Magazine.